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Active / Passive Forms
Sentences can be active
or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and
"passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to
successfully speak English.
Active Form
In active sentences, the
thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving
the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] +
[verb] + [thing receiving action]
Examples:
Passive Form
In passive sentences,
the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing
doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can
use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more
important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do
not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing
the action.
[Thing receiving action]
+ [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
Examples:
Active to Passive Overview
Tenses
|
Active
|
Passive
|
Simple Present
|
Once a week, Tom cleans the
house.
|
Once a week, the house is cleaned by
Tom.
|
Present Continuous
|
Right now, Sarah is writing the
letter.
|
Right now, the letter is being
written by Sarah.
|
Simple Past
|
Sam repaired the car.
|
The car was repaired by
Sam.
|
Past Continuous
|
The salesman was helping the
customer when the thief came into the store.
|
The customer was being helped by
the salesman when the thief came into the store.
|
Present Perfect
|
Many tourists have visited that
castle.
|
That castle has been visited by
many tourists.
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
Recently, John has been doing the
work.
|
Recently, the work has been being
done by John.
|
Past Perfect
|
George had repaired many
cars before he received his mechanic's license.
|
Many cars had been repaired by
George before he received his mechanic's license.
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Chef Jones had been preparing the
restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.
|
The restaurant's fantastic dinners had
been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to
Paris.
|
Simple Future
will |
Someone will finish the
work by 5:00 PM.
|
The work will be finished by
5:00 PM.
|
Simple Future
be going to |
Sally is going to make a
beautiful dinner tonight.
|
A beautiful dinner is going to be
made by Sally tonight.
|
Future Continuous
will |
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be
washing the dishes.
|
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will
be being washed by John.
|
Future Continuous
be going to |
At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going
to be washing the dishes.
|
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are
going to be being washed by John.
|
Future Perfect
will |
They will have completed the
project before the deadline.
|
The project will have been
completed before the deadline.
|
Future Perfect
be going to |
They are going to have completed the
project before the deadline.
|
The project is going to have been
completed before the deadline.
|
Future Perfect Continuous
will |
The famous artist will have been
painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
|
The mural will have been being
painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is
finished.
|
Future Perfect Continuous
be going to |
The famous artist is going to
have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is
finished.
|
The mural is going to have been
being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time
it is finished.
|
Used to
|
Jerry used to pay the
bills.
|
The bills used to be paid by
Jerry.
|
Would Always
|
My mother would always make the
pies.
|
The pies would always be made by
my mother.
|
Future in the Past
Would |
I knew John would finish the
work by 5:00 PM.
|
I knew the work would be finished by
5:00 PM.
|
Future in the Past
Was Going to |
I thought Sally was going to make a
beautiful dinner tonight.
|
I thought a beautiful dinner was
going to be made by Sally tonight.
|
No
|
Tenses
|
Passive Voice Structure + Example
|
Active Voice Structure + Example
|
1
|
Simple Present Tense
|
S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O
|
S + V1 + O
|
The floor is always cleaned by my
mother every morning
|
My mother always cleans the floor
every morning
|
||
2
|
Present Continuous Tense
|
S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 +
by + O
|
S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing + O
|
A rainbow cake is being made by them
now
|
They are making a rainbow cake now
|
||
3
|
Present Perfect Tense
|
S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O
|
S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 +
by + O
|
Some candidates have been interviewed
by the manager
|
The manager has interviewed
some candidates
|
||
4
|
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
|
S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by
+ O
|
S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O
|
English has been being spoken by many
people
|
Many people have been speaking English
|
||
5
|
Simple Past Tense
|
S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O
|
S + V2 + O
|
The movie was watched by Fadhila in
the theatre last night
|
Fadhila watched the movie in the
theatre last night
|
||
6
|
Past Continuous Tense
|
S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 +
by + O
|
S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O
|
Some books were being bought by her
last night
|
|||
7
|
Past Perfect Tense
|
S + had + been + V3 + by + O
|
S + had not + V3 + O
|
A good decision had been made by
Carroll to leave Liverpool
|
Carroll had made a good
decision to leave Liverpool
|
||
8
|
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
|
S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O
|
S + had + been + V1-ing + O
|
This plant had been being watered by
her
|
She had been watering this plant
|
||
9
|
Simple Future Tense
|
S + will be + V3 + by + O
|
S + will not + V1 + O
|
The crops are going to be harvested by
the farmers next week
|
The farmers are going to harvest the
crops next week
|
||
10
|
Future Continuous Tense
|
S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O
|
S + will + be + V1-ing + O
|
They will be being met by him.
|
He will be meeting them.
|
||
11
|
Future Perfect Tense
|
S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O
|
S + will + have + V3 + O
|
This plant will have been watered by
her before I get here this afternoon
|
She will have watered this plant
before I get here this afternoon
|
||
12
|
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
|
S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O
|
S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O
|
This plant will have been being
watered by her
|
She will have been watering this
plant
|
||
13
|
Past Future Tense
|
S + would + be + V3 + by + O
|
S + would + V1 + O
|
A dictionary would be bought by us
|
We would buy a dictionary
|
||
14
|
Past Future Continuous Tense
|
S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O
|
S + would + be + V1-ing + O
|
The music would be being listened by
her when the phone rang
|
She would be listening to the music
when the phone rang
|
||
15
|
Past Future Perfect Tense
|
S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O
|
S + would + have + V3 + O
|
English would have been spoken by many
people
|
Many people would have spoken English
|
||
16
|
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
|
S + would + have + been +being + V3 +
by + O
|
S + would + have + been + V1-ing + O
|
They would be being met by him
|
Referensi :
